Description
The energy required to pressurize RO water accounts for the largest share of the plant’s total energy consumption. ESPA membranes are used for applications that require high energy efficiency, with risk-free efficiency and salt rejection. ESPA elements produce high-quality water in a wide range of water treatment applications at remarkably low pressures, saving energy costs. ESPA membranes are used in the treatment of drinking water, industrial water, recycling, and reuse of municipal and industrial wastewater due to this exceptional performance capability. These membranes act as part of the polishing units in seawater desalination plants when red boron is very important.
ESPA types
- ESPA1
ESPA1 membrane has the same chemistry as ESPA2 membrane but has higher permeability. ESPA1 membranes require even less feed pressure than ESPA2 and consume less energy. ESPA1 is used in low TDS water treatment to produce drinking water. ESPA1 membranes are available in 4.0 and 8.0-inch diameters. The 4.0-inch membrane is available in Low Differential LD technology.
- ESPA2
ESPA2 membranes provide optimal salt excretion and diffusion flow. They are selected when TDS is less penetrating and less feed pressure is required. ESPA2 membranes provide the highest energy efficiency at the lowest cost and are used in large municipal wastewater treatment plants. ESPAB are low-pressure saline membranes with high boron trace. ESPA2-LD membranes are available in 4.0 and 8.0-inch diameters. ESPA2 membranes are available in LD type. LD Differential models are offered to minimize colloidal deposition when using conventional pretreatment equipment. These membranes consistently provide low feed pressure and longer cleaning intervals. ESPA2 and ESPAB membranes are available in MAX type with an active membrane area of 440 ft2 (40.9 m2). Increasing the membrane level reduces capital costs by requiring fewer pressurized tanks and less floor space. The innovations have enabled the company to offer ESPA2-LD MAX membranes with a membrane surface area of 440 ft2 (40.9 m2) and a feed spacing of 34 mm.
- ESPA4
ESPA4 are the lowest feed pressure membranes with low energy consumption. ESPA4 membranes require very low pressures without compromising salt excretion and are commonly used in the second pass of reverse osmosis systems. ESPA4 membranes are available in LD type. LD Differential models are offered to minimize colloidal deposition when using conventional pretreatment equipment. These membranes consistently provide low feed pressure and longer cleaning intervals. ESPA4-LD HP is a high-flux membrane that delivers low energy consumption without damaging the high rejection. These membranes have an active membrane area of 400 feet 2 (37.2 square meters), a thickness of 34 mm thick saltwater distance, and a strong pressure structure for performance up to 1200 psi (8.27 MPa) to allow higher concentrations of feed solution. ESPA4 MAX membranes are available with an active membrane area of 440 ft2 (40.9 m2). Increasing the membrane level reduces capital costs by requiring fewer pressurized tanks and less floor space.
